Experimental and numerical investigation of a direct injection spark ignition hydrogen engine for heavy-duty applications

The H2 internal combustion engine is gaining increasing interest especially for commercial vehicles. Regarding the optimization of process, results experimental investigations on a heavy-duty single-cylinder in combination with numerical 3D-CFD are presented. In addition to Direct Injection (DI) Spark Ignited (SI) configuration, Port Fuel (PFI) explored provide reference near homogeneous cylinder charge. main objective assess 3D-CFD-RANS framework based ECFM and state-of-the art sub-models describe most important phenomena occurring spark ignition engines support analysis. Experimental show that PFI configuration provides efficiency emissions benefits at expense volumetric efficiency. proposed CFD model demonstrates ability successfully simulate different operating conditions both DI systems. particular, it shown charge stratification typical systems not beneficial studied as increases wall heat losses NOx formation.